Wiki source code of Netzwerk

Version 1.1 by René Schmidt on 2023/09/20 14:24
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5 = [[How to set up static IP address on Debian Linux 10/11>>url:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/add-configure-set-up-static-ip-address-on-debianlinux/]] =
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7 The procedure is as follows to set up and configure a static IP information:
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9 1. Open the terminal application.
10 1. Log in to remote or server using ssh command.
11 1. Backup /etc/network/interfaces file running ##**sudo cp /etc/network/interfaces /root/**##
12 1. Edit the /etc/network/interfaces
13 1. Configure static IP address for enp0s5 Ethernet interface: ##**address 192.168.2.249**##
14 1. Add subnet mask: ##**netmask 255.255.255.0**##
15 1. Set up default gateway IP: ##**gateway 192.168.2.254**##
16 1. Finally add DNS resolver IP: ##**dns-nameservers 192.168.2.254 8.8.8.8 1.1.1.1**##
17
18 Let us see all commands and examples in details.
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26 == Finding your network interfaces name on Debian Linux ==
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28 Use the [[ip command>>url:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-ip-command-examples-usage-syntax/]] as follows to [[show/display available Ethernet network interfaces>>url:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-list-network-interfaces-names-command/]]:
29 ip -c link show
30 Also, we can try the following [[Linux command to show a list of network cards>>url:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-list-network-cards-command/]]:
31 sudo lshw -class network -short
32 # Filter results using [[grep>>url:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/howto-use-grep-command-in-linux-unix/]]/[[egrep regex command>>url:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/grep-regular-expressions/]]
33 lspci | grep -E -i ~-~-color 'network|ethernet|wireless|wi-fi'
34 ip -br -c link show
35 Note down the Debian Linux interface name and type the following [[ip command>>url:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-ip-command-examples-usage-syntax/]] to see [[the current IP address assinged to that network interface>>url:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/how-to-find-out-the-ip-address-assigned-to-eth0-and-display-ip-only/]]:
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37 ip -c addr show enp0s5
38
39
40 == Configuring Static IP on Debian 10 or 11 ==
41
42 The /etc/network/interfaces[/file] contains network interface configuration information for Debian Linux. Hence, edit the file:
43 sudo vim /etc/network/interfaces
44 ~#~# OR ~#~#
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48 sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces
49 Look for the primary network interface enp0s5:
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54 allow-hotplug enp0s5
55 iface enp0s5 inet dhcp
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57
58 Remove dhcp and allow-hotplug lines. Append the following configuration to set up/add new static IP on Debian Linux 10/11. Here is my sample config file:
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62 # The loopback network interface
63 auto lo
64 iface lo inet loopback
65
66 # The primary network interface
67 auto enp0s5
68 iface enp0s5  inet static
69 address 192.168.2.236
70 netmask 255.255.255.0
71 gateway 192.168.2.254
72 dns-domain sweet.home
73 dns-nameservers 192.168.2.254 1.1.1.1 8.8.8.8
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76 [[Save and close the file when using vim/vi>>url:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-unix-vim-save-and-quit-command/]] text editor.
77
78 == Restart networking service on Debian Linux to switch from DHCP to static IP config ==
79
80 **Warning**: Do not run the following over ssh based session as you will disconnect.
81
82 Use the systemctl command as follows:
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84 sudo systemctl restart networking.service
85 Make sure service restarted without any errors. Hence, type the following command:sudo systemctl status networking.service
86 Sample session:
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90 ● networking.service - Raise network interfaces
91 Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/networking.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
92 Active: active (exited) since Wed 2021-01-27 23:10:00 IST; 1min 38s ago
93 Docs: man:interfaces(5)
94 Process: 1104 ExecStart=/sbin/ifup -a ~-~-read-environment (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
95 Main PID: 1104 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
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97
98 == See your new IP address assigned on Debian Linux ==
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102 Again type the following [[ip command>>url:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-ip-command-examples-usage-syntax/]]:
103 ip -c addr show
104 ip -c addr show enp0s5
105 [[image:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/faq/2021/01/How-to-configure-Static-IP-on-Debian-10-or-11.png||alt="How to configure Static IP on Debian 10 or 11" height="150" width="599"]]
106 When you change your IP address, you need to restart other services such as Nginx, SSH, etc. It all depends upon how you configured those services with IP binding. Make sure you adjust the firewall settings too.
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109
110 == A note about /etc/network/interfaces.d/ directory ==
111
112 **WARNING!** The following is an advanced configuration and is only recommended if you know various networking concepts. The nixCraft or author is not responsible for network connectivity loss.
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114 You can place the network config in a separate file under /etc/network/interfaces.d/. I tested the following with Debian 11 with source keyword:
115
116 {{{source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*}}}
117
118 In other words, config lines beginning with “source” are used to include stanzas from other files. So configuration can be split into many files for ease of management. The word “source” is followed by the path of a file to be sourced. Shell wildcards can be used. Here is how ##/etc/network/interfaces## looks now:
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120 sudo [[cat>>url:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-unix-appleosx-bsd-cat-command-examples/]] /etc/network/interfaces
121 Outputs:
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125 # This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
126 # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).
127
128 source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*
129
130 # The loopback network interface
131 auto lo
132 iface lo inet loopback
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135 Here is my servers bridge network config file named /etc/network/interfaces.d/br0
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137 sudo vim /etc/network/interfaces.d/br0
138 Append the following config to create br0 interface using eno1 Ethernet interface. For example:
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142 auto br0
143 iface br0 inet static
144 address 192.168.2.19
145 broadcast 192.168.2.255
146 netmask 255.255.255.0
147 gateway 192.168.2.254
148 # If the resolvconf package is installed, you should not edit
149 # the resolv.conf configuration file manually. Set name server here
150 dns-nameservers 192.168.2.236 192.168.2.237
151 dns-domain sweet.home
152 # If you have multiple interfaces such as eth0 and eth1
153 # bridge_ports eth0 eth1 
154 bridge_ports eno1
155 bridge_stp off           # disable Spanning Tree Protocol
156 bridge_waitport 0    # no delay before a port becomes available
157 bridge_fd 0          # no forwarding delay
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159
160 Then restart networking service on Debian Linux or [[reboot the Linux machine>>url:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/howto-reboot-linux/]] using the [[shutdown command>>url:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/howto-shutdown-linux/]]/[[reboot command>>url:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/howto-reboot-linux/]]. For instance:
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164 sudo reboot
165 OR
166 systemctl restart networking.service
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168
169 == Conclusion ==
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173 You learned how to convert the existing DHCP to static IP address settings on Debian Linux version 9/10/11. See Debian Linux [[man page online>>url:https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-reference/ch05.en.html]] or type the following command:
174 man interfaces
175 man nmcli
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182 {{box title="**Contents**"}}
183 {{toc/}}
184 {{/box}}
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186 [[image:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/faq/2021/01/How-to-setup-a-Static-IP-address-on-Debian-Linux.png||alt="How to setup a Static IP address on Debian Linux" height="305" width="590"]]
187 Finding NIC name and IP assigned by the DHCP server on Debian Linux
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