Wiki source code of Wazuh SIEM
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1.1 | 1 | {{box title="Uebersicht" image="icon:shield"}}Wazuh ist eine Open-Source SIEM/XDR-Plattform fuer Security Monitoring, Intrusion Detection, Vulnerability Assessment und Compliance.{{/box}} |
| 2 | |||
| 3 | = 1. Systemuebersicht = | ||
| 4 | |||
| 5 | |=Eigenschaft|=Wert | ||
| 6 | |Software|Wazuh SIEM | ||
| 7 | |Version|<VERSION> (z.B. 4.14.2) | ||
| 8 | |Server|<HOSTNAME> (<IP-ADRESSE>) | ||
| 9 | |Dashboard|https://<WAZUH-FQDN> | ||
| 10 | |API|https://<WAZUH-FQDN>:55000 | ||
| 11 | |OS|Ubuntu 22.04 LTS | ||
| 12 | |||
| 13 | ---- | ||
| 14 | |||
| 15 | = 2. Komponenten = | ||
| 16 | |||
| 17 | |=Komponente|=Port|=Beschreibung | ||
| 18 | |Wazuh Manager|1514 (UDP/TCP)|Agent-Kommunikation | ||
| 19 | |Wazuh Authd|1515|Agent-Registrierung | ||
| 20 | |Wazuh API|55000|REST API | ||
| 21 | |Wazuh Dashboard|443|Web-Oberflaeche (OpenSearch Dashboards) | ||
| 22 | |Wazuh Indexer|9200 (lokal)|Datenbank (OpenSearch) | ||
| 23 | |||
| 24 | ---- | ||
| 25 | |||
| 26 | = 3. Installation = | ||
| 27 | |||
| 28 | == 3.1 Voraussetzungen == | ||
| 29 | |||
| 30 | * Ubuntu 22.04 LTS oder Debian 11/12 | ||
| 31 | * Mind. 4 GB RAM (8 GB empfohlen) | ||
| 32 | * Mind. 50 GB Speicher | ||
| 33 | * Root-Zugang | ||
| 34 | |||
| 35 | == 3.2 All-in-One Installation == | ||
| 36 | |||
| 37 | {{code language="bash"}} | ||
| 38 | # Wazuh Installation Script | ||
| 39 | curl -sO https://packages.wazuh.com/4.14/wazuh-install.sh | ||
| 40 | curl -sO https://packages.wazuh.com/4.14/config.yml | ||
| 41 | |||
| 42 | # config.yml anpassen (Hostnamen setzen) | ||
| 43 | # Dann ausfuehren: | ||
| 44 | bash wazuh-install.sh -a | ||
| 45 | {{/code}} | ||
| 46 | |||
| 47 | Nach der Installation werden Zugangsdaten angezeigt — **sofort notieren!** | ||
| 48 | |||
| 49 | ---- | ||
| 50 | |||
| 51 | = 4. Konfiguration = | ||
| 52 | |||
| 53 | == 4.1 Manager (ossec.conf) == | ||
| 54 | |||
| 55 | Pfad: {{code language="none"}}/var/ossec/etc/ossec.conf{{/code}} | ||
| 56 | |||
| 57 | Wichtige Sektionen: | ||
| 58 | |||
| 59 | {{code language="xml"}} | ||
| 60 | <!-- Vulnerability Detection --> | ||
| 61 | <vulnerability-detector> | ||
| 62 | <enabled>yes</enabled> | ||
| 63 | <interval>5m</interval> | ||
| 64 | <run_on_start>yes</run_on_start> | ||
| 65 | <provider name="canonical"> | ||
| 66 | <enabled>yes</enabled> | ||
| 67 | <os>jammy</os> | ||
| 68 | <update_interval>1h</update_interval> | ||
| 69 | </provider> | ||
| 70 | <provider name="debian"> | ||
| 71 | <enabled>yes</enabled> | ||
| 72 | <os>buster</os> | ||
| 73 | <os>bullseye</os> | ||
| 74 | <os>bookworm</os> | ||
| 75 | <update_interval>1h</update_interval> | ||
| 76 | </provider> | ||
| 77 | <provider name="nvd"> | ||
| 78 | <enabled>yes</enabled> | ||
| 79 | <update_interval>1h</update_interval> | ||
| 80 | </provider> | ||
| 81 | </vulnerability-detector> | ||
| 82 | |||
| 83 | <!-- Active Response (z.B. Brute-Force Block) --> | ||
| 84 | <active-response> | ||
| 85 | <command>firewall-drop</command> | ||
| 86 | <location>local</location> | ||
| 87 | <rules_id>5763</rules_id> | ||
| 88 | <timeout>1800</timeout> | ||
| 89 | </active-response> | ||
| 90 | {{/code}} | ||
| 91 | |||
| 92 | == 4.2 Dashboard (opensearch_dashboards.yml) == | ||
| 93 | |||
| 94 | Pfad: {{code language="none"}}/etc/wazuh-dashboard/opensearch_dashboards.yml{{/code}} | ||
| 95 | |||
| 96 | {{code language="yaml"}} | ||
| 97 | server.host: 0.0.0.0 | ||
| 98 | server.port: 443 | ||
| 99 | opensearch.hosts: https://localhost:9200 | ||
| 100 | server.ssl.enabled: true | ||
| 101 | server.ssl.key: "/etc/wazuh-dashboard/certs/<CERT-KEY>.pem" | ||
| 102 | server.ssl.certificate: "/etc/wazuh-dashboard/certs/<CERT>.pem" | ||
| 103 | opensearch.ssl.certificateAuthorities: ["/etc/wazuh-dashboard/certs/root-ca.pem"] | ||
| 104 | uiSettings.overrides.defaultRoute: /app/wz-home | ||
| 105 | {{/code}} | ||
| 106 | |||
| 107 | {{warning}} | ||
| 108 | Bei einem Upgrade von 4.7.x auf 4.14.x aendert sich die defaultRoute von {{code}}/app/wazuh{{/code}} zu {{code}}/app/wz-home{{/code}}. Ausserdem koennen sich die Cert-Dateinamen aendern! Die neue Config liegt als {{code}}.dpkg-dist{{/code}} — Pfade vergleichen und anpassen. | ||
| 109 | {{/warning}} | ||
| 110 | |||
| 111 | ---- | ||
| 112 | |||
| 113 | = 5. Agent-Verwaltung = | ||
| 114 | |||
| 115 | == 5.1 Agent installieren == | ||
| 116 | |||
| 117 | {{code language="bash"}} | ||
| 118 | # Auf dem Ziel-System: | ||
| 119 | curl -s https://packages.wazuh.com/key/GPG-KEY-WAZUH | gpg --no-default-keyring --keyring gnupg-ring:/usr/share/keyrings/wazuh.gpg --import && chmod 644 /usr/share/keyrings/wazuh.gpg | ||
| 120 | |||
| 121 | echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/wazuh.gpg] https://packages.wazuh.com/4.x/apt/ stable main" | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/wazuh.list | ||
| 122 | |||
| 123 | apt-get update | ||
| 124 | WAZUH_MANAGER="<MANAGER-IP>" apt-get install wazuh-agent | ||
| 125 | |||
| 126 | systemctl daemon-reload | ||
| 127 | systemctl enable wazuh-agent | ||
| 128 | systemctl start wazuh-agent | ||
| 129 | {{/code}} | ||
| 130 | |||
| 131 | == 5.2 Agent-Gruppen == | ||
| 132 | |||
| 133 | Gruppen ermoelichen unterschiedliche Konfigurationen pro Server-Typ: | ||
| 134 | |||
| 135 | |=Gruppe|=Beschreibung|=Agents | ||
| 136 | |default|Standard-Gruppe|Allgemeine Hosts | ||
| 137 | |Server|Produktiv-Server|Anwendungs-Server | ||
| 138 | |Linux|Alle Linux-Hosts|Alle Linux-Agents | ||
| 139 | |||
| 140 | {{code language="bash"}} | ||
| 141 | # Gruppen auflisten | ||
| 142 | /var/ossec/bin/agent_groups -l | ||
| 143 | |||
| 144 | # Agent einer Gruppe zuweisen | ||
| 145 | /var/ossec/bin/agent_groups -a -i <AGENT-ID> -g <GRUPPENNAME> | ||
| 146 | |||
| 147 | # Agent-Info anzeigen | ||
| 148 | /var/ossec/bin/agent_control -i <AGENT-ID> | ||
| 149 | {{/code}} | ||
| 150 | |||
| 151 | == 5.3 Shared Agent Config (Remote-Befehle) == | ||
| 152 | |||
| 153 | Ueber Gruppen-Configs koennen Befehle auf Agents ausgefuehrt werden: | ||
| 154 | |||
| 155 | Pfad: {{code language="none"}}/var/ossec/etc/shared/<GRUPPE>/agent.conf{{/code}} | ||
| 156 | |||
| 157 | {{code language="xml"}} | ||
| 158 | <agent_config> | ||
| 159 | <!-- System Update per Wodle Command --> | ||
| 160 | <wodle name="command"> | ||
| 161 | <disabled>no</disabled> | ||
| 162 | <tag>system-update</tag> | ||
| 163 | <command>apt-get update && DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get upgrade -y</command> | ||
| 164 | <interval>1w</interval> | ||
| 165 | <ignore_output>no</ignore_output> | ||
| 166 | <run_on_start>yes</run_on_start> | ||
| 167 | <timeout>600</timeout> | ||
| 168 | </wodle> | ||
| 169 | </agent_config> | ||
| 170 | {{/code}} | ||
| 171 | |||
| 172 | {{info}} | ||
| 173 | Nach Aenderungen an der Agent-Config: Agents per API neustarten damit die Config sofort uebernommen wird. | ||
| 174 | {{/info}} | ||
| 175 | |||
| 176 | ---- | ||
| 177 | |||
| 178 | = 6. API = | ||
| 179 | |||
| 180 | == 6.1 Authentifizierung == | ||
| 181 | |||
| 182 | {{code language="bash"}} | ||
| 183 | # Token holen | ||
| 184 | TOKEN=$(curl -sk -u <API-USER>:<API-PASS> -X POST "https://<WAZUH-FQDN>:55000/security/user/authenticate" | python3 -c "import sys,json; print(json.load(sys.stdin)['data']['token'])") | ||
| 185 | |||
| 186 | # Agents auflisten | ||
| 187 | curl -sk -H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN" "https://<WAZUH-FQDN>:55000/agents?pretty=true" | ||
| 188 | {{/code}} | ||
| 189 | |||
| 190 | == 6.2 Nuetzliche API-Aufrufe == | ||
| 191 | |||
| 192 | |=Aktion|=Methode|=Endpunkt | ||
| 193 | |Alle Agents|GET|/agents | ||
| 194 | |Agent-Info|GET|/agents/<ID> | ||
| 195 | |Agent neustarten|PUT|/agents/<ID>/restart | ||
| 196 | |Vulnerabilities|GET|/vulnerability/<ID> | ||
| 197 | |Active Response|PUT|/active-response | ||
| 198 | |||
| 199 | ---- | ||
| 200 | |||
| 201 | = 7. Alerts und Severity-Levels = | ||
| 202 | |||
| 203 | |=Level|=Bedeutung|=Aktion | ||
| 204 | |0-3|Info/Debug|Keine | ||
| 205 | |4-6|Niedrig|Beobachten | ||
| 206 | |7-9|Mittel|Pruefen | ||
| 207 | |10-12|Hoch|Zeitnah handeln | ||
| 208 | |13-15|Kritisch|**Sofort handeln** | ||
| 209 | |||
| 210 | Alert-Logdateien: | ||
| 211 | |||
| 212 | * {{code}}/var/ossec/logs/alerts/alerts.json{{/code}} — Alle Alerts | ||
| 213 | * {{code}}/var/ossec/logs/archives/archives.json{{/code}} — Alle Events (wenn aktiviert) | ||
| 214 | * {{code}}/var/ossec/logs/ossec.log{{/code}} — Manager-Log | ||
| 215 | |||
| 216 | ---- | ||
| 217 | |||
| 218 | = 8. Service-Management = | ||
| 219 | |||
| 220 | {{code language="bash"}} | ||
| 221 | # Status pruefen | ||
| 222 | systemctl status wazuh-manager | ||
| 223 | systemctl status wazuh-indexer | ||
| 224 | systemctl status wazuh-dashboard | ||
| 225 | |||
| 226 | # Neustarten | ||
| 227 | systemctl restart wazuh-manager | ||
| 228 | |||
| 229 | # Version pruefen | ||
| 230 | /var/ossec/bin/wazuh-control info | ||
| 231 | |||
| 232 | # Agent-Liste | ||
| 233 | /var/ossec/bin/agent_control -l | ||
| 234 | {{/code}} | ||
| 235 | |||
| 236 | ---- | ||
| 237 | |||
| 238 | = 9. Upgrade = | ||
| 239 | |||
| 240 | {{warning}} | ||
| 241 | **Vor jedem Upgrade:** Backup der Config-Dateien erstellen! | ||
| 242 | {{/warning}} | ||
| 243 | |||
| 244 | {{code language="bash"}} | ||
| 245 | # Backup | ||
| 246 | cp /var/ossec/etc/ossec.conf /var/ossec/etc/ossec.conf.bak | ||
| 247 | cp /etc/wazuh-dashboard/opensearch_dashboards.yml /etc/wazuh-dashboard/opensearch_dashboards.yml.bak | ||
| 248 | |||
| 249 | # Upgrade | ||
| 250 | apt-get update | ||
| 251 | DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get upgrade -y -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confold" | ||
| 252 | {{/code}} | ||
| 253 | |||
| 254 | === Bekannte Probleme nach Upgrade === | ||
| 255 | |||
| 256 | * **Dashboard zeigt "Application Not Found":** defaultRoute hat sich geaendert (siehe Abschnitt 4.2) | ||
| 257 | * **SSL-Zertifikat-Pfade:** Neue Config erwartet andere Dateinamen — mit Backup vergleichen | ||
| 258 | * **Agent Version-Mismatch:** Agents laufen weiter, sollten aber zeitnah auch aktualisiert werden | ||
| 259 | |||
| 260 | ---- | ||
| 261 | |||
| 262 | = 10. Troubleshooting = | ||
| 263 | |||
| 264 | {{code language="bash"}} | ||
| 265 | # Dashboard nicht erreichbar? | ||
| 266 | systemctl status wazuh-dashboard | ||
| 267 | journalctl -u wazuh-dashboard -n 50 --no-pager | ||
| 268 | |||
| 269 | # Agent verbindet nicht? | ||
| 270 | /var/ossec/bin/agent_control -i <AGENT-ID> | ||
| 271 | # Auf dem Agent: | ||
| 272 | cat /var/ossec/logs/ossec.log | tail -30 | ||
| 273 | |||
| 274 | # API-Fehler? | ||
| 275 | curl -sk -u <USER>:<PASS> https://localhost:55000/ | ||
| 276 | |||
| 277 | # Cert-Probleme? | ||
| 278 | ls -la /etc/wazuh-dashboard/certs/ | ||
| 279 | # Pfade in opensearch_dashboards.yml pruefen! | ||
| 280 | {{/code}} | ||
| 281 | |||
| 282 | ---- | ||
| 283 | |||
| 284 | //Erstellt: 2026-02-03 | Autor: JARVIS | Version: 1.0// |